INTERCHURCH  WORLD  MOVEMENT  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 

*  :  ;  ur;r?a\  §j 

WORLD  SURVEY 
CONFERENCE 

ATLANTIC  CITY 
JANUARY  7  to  10,  1920 

PRELIMINARY 

Statement  and  Budget  for 

Europe 


PREPARED  BY 

SURVEY  DEPARTMENT- FOREIGN  DIVISION 


THIS  Survey  statement 
should  be  read  in  the  light 
of  the  fact  that  it  is  preliminary 
only,  and  will  be  revised  and 
enlarged  as  a  result  of  the  dis¬ 
cussions  and  recommendations 
of  the  World  Survey  Conference. 

The  entire  Survey  as  revised 
will  early  be  brought  together  in 
two  volumes,  American  and 
Foreign,  to  form  the  basis  of  the 
financial  campaign  to  follow. 

The  “Statistical  Mirror”  will 
make  a  third  volume  dealing  with 
general  church,  missionary  and 
stewardship  data. 


INTERCHURCH  WORLD  MOVEMENT  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 


WORLD  SURVEY 
CONFERENCE 


ATLANTIC  CITY 
JANUARY  7  to  10,  1920 

PRELIMINARY 

Statement  and  Budget  for 

Europe 


PREPARED  BY 

SURVEY  DEPARTMENT- FOREIGN  DIVISION 


EUROPE 


The  Flaming  Crucible  of  Civilization 


EUROPE  today  lies  in  the  chaos  and  aftermath  of  war.  Both  victors  and 
vanquished  are  miserably  impoverished;  the  flower  of  manhood  lies  buried; 
millions  are  facing  starvation. 

The  whole  continent  is  in  a  state  of  seething  social  unrest  brought  about  chiefly  by 
the  overthrow  of  long  established  governments,  and  the  uncertainties  attendant  on 
the  operation  of  a  new  regime,  increased  by  the  pressure  of  unprecedented  taxation 
levied  to  meet  the  huge  expense  of  war. 

The  problem  of  reconciliation,  not  only  between  nations  but  also  between  classes 
whose  struggles  have  left  behind  them  such  a  wake  of  bitterness  and  misunderstanding, 
lies  at  the  door  of  the  church  of  God. 

The  present  hour  offers  an  unprecedented  opportunity  to  render  a  most  unselfish 
and  sacrificial  service. 

The  hope  of  the  new  Europe,  spiritual  as  well  as  temporal,  lies  in  America.  It  is, 
however,  a  paramount  question  what  policy  and  program  will  be  most  acceptable 
to  our  brethren  over  there  and  what  policy  and  program  would  best  assist  them  in 
solving  the  tremendous  problems  facing  them  on  every  hand. 

While  it  has  not  been  possible  to  furnish  an  entirely  satisfactory  answer  to  this 
question,  it  is  believed  that  there  is  a  very  real  and  definite  contribution  which 
American  religious  forces  can  make  to  the  development  of  evangelical  religion  in 
those  countries  where  the  liberties  and  institutions  of  America  are  unknown.  But 
any  policy  or  program  of  religious  endeavor  in  Europe  on  the  part  of  American 
Protestantism  should  receive  very  careful  consideration.  All  plans  should  be  based 
upon  a  recognition  of  the  fact  that  Europe  has  been  under  direct  Christian  influence 
since  the  beginning  of  the  present  era,  and  that  evangelical  associations  already 
exist  in  those  lands  whence  many  of  us  have  come. 

In  several  countries  there  are  a  number  of  very  strong  national  religious  agencies 
working  in  a  real  evangelistic  spirit;  reaching  all  the  different  classes  of  their  respective 
nations  and  conducting  an  excellent  missionary  work  at  home  and  abroad. 

An  approach,  therefore,  of  a  kind  properly  employed  in  mission  fields  of  the  Far 
East  might  justly  be  resented.  There  is  much  missionizing  to  be  done  in  Europe 


4 


The  Flaming  Crucible :  EUROPE 


as  there  is  in  America,  but  the  first  obligation  of  American  Christians  is  to  help  their 
brethren  who  have  been  tried  as  by  fire.  The  whole  attitude  should  be  one  of 
helpfulness,  an  attitude  in  which  established  institutions  shall  be  respected  and  every 
effort  made  to  strengthen  indigenous  work  of  an  evangelical  type.  Cooperation  with 
and  vitalization  of  forces  already  existing,  not  propaganda,  should  be  the  watchword. 

In  the  non-Protestant  countries  there  is  observable  a  cordial  attitude  toward  the 
fundamentals  of  the  Christian  faith,  but  at  the  same  time  a  spirit  of  antipathy  for 
denominationalism  as  such.  A  united  Protestantism  can  win  the  day  for  Christ. 
It  is  not  necessary  that  any  denomination  should  submerge  its  individuality  in  the 
work  undertaken,  but  it  is  clear  that  strong  cooperative  efforts  are  certain  to  bring 
the  most  satisfactory  results. 

If  the  question  be  asked,  why  Europe  is  included  in  the  foreign  division  of  the  survey 
there  is  only  one  answer:  because  Europe  is  geographically  foreign  to  the  United 
States.  This  section  of  the  world  has  been  studied  in  the  same  manner  and  is  here 
presented  for  the  same  reasons  that  the  United  States  and  Africa  appear.  On  account 
of  the  war  it  has  been  more  difficult  to  secure  satisfactory  returns  from  Europe  than 
from  China  or  other  distant  sections.  The  following  statement  is  as  complete  as 
present  available  data  makes  possible  and  is  necessarily  tentative. 

The  total  area  of  the  twenty-two  countries  included  in  this  statement  (which  excludes 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  but  includes  Siberia)  is  10,342,290  square  miles;  three 
and  one-half  times  the  area  of  the  United  States;  with  a  population  of  473,000,000, 
four  and  three-tenths  times  that  of  the  United  States. 

Considered  religiously,  the  populations  of  Europe  are  distributed  among  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church;  Greek  Orthodox  and  other  Eastern  churches;  Protestant  state 
churches  (now  in  process  of  disestablishment  in  central  and  eastern  Europe) ; 
Protestant  free  churches;  American  and  other  foreign  denominations,  and  free- 
thinking  masses. 

An  excellent  work  is  also  being  carried  on  in  many  of  the  European  countries  by  such 
undenominational  religious  forces  as  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association,  the 
Young  Women’s  Christian  Association,  Bible  and  tract  societies,  the  World  Sunday 
School  Association,  and  similar  bodies. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  missionary  data  of  Europe  cannot  be  read  and 
interpreted  in  the  same  manner  as  other  foreign  statistics.  In  Europe  so  much  of 
the  work  is  self-supporting,  or  nearly  so,  that  the  participation  of  American  bodies 
frequently  is  little  more  than  fraternal  counsel  and  encouragement  with  limited 
financial  cooperation. 


EUROPE :  The  Northern  Countries 


5 


I.  NORTHERN  COUNTRIES 

HE  northern  countries  of  Norway  and 
Sweden,  Denmark  and  Finland  constitute 
a  group  of  European  peoples  quite  distinct  from 
any  other  of  the  groups  we  will  consider.  Their 
areas  and  populations  are  as  follows: 

Area  in 

Northern  Countries  Square  Miles  Population 

Norway . 124,642  2,632,010 

Sweden . 173,035  5,800,847 

Denmark . .  15,582  2,940,979 

Finland . 125,689  3,300,650 

NORWAY,  SWEDEN  AND 
DENMARK 

THESE  countries  are  socially  and  econom¬ 
ically  intact,  virile  and  energetic;  offering 
religious  freedom  to  all.  Contiguous  to  a  dis¬ 
traught  Russia  and  a  Germany  seeking  new 
ideals,  they  offer  a  splendid  base  for  helpful 
approach  to  these  countries.  Archbishop 
Soderblom  has  said:  “In  Sweden  we  have  the 
church;  in  Norway,  Christians;  in  Denmark, 
the  community.” 

As  in  the  case  of  Finland,  the  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
carries  on,  and  the  American  Baptist  Foreign 
Missions  Society  financially  sustains,  evangelical 
work  in  these  three  countries.  The  figures  for 
the  respective  kingdoms  are  as  follows: 

N orway :  Ninety-eight  churches ;  1 55  preachers ; 
39  Sunday  schools;  13,593  scholars.  Sweden: 
Eight  hundred  nineteen  churches;  1,268  preach¬ 
ers;  72,873  members;  1,501  Sunday  schools; 
87,697  scholars. 

Denmark:  One  hundred  and  seventy-five 

churches  and  meeting  places;  8,347  members; 
148  preachers;  150  Sunday  schools;  10,528 
scholars. 

FINLAND 

INLAND  is  the  only  country  in  the  north¬ 
ern  group  suffering  through  the  World  War. 
In  fear  of  another  bloody  struggle  she  needs 
strong  moral  support.  All  citizens  enjoy  full 
freedom  of  religious  belief.  No  legal  restrictions 
in  respect  to  free  evangelistic  work,  Bible  dis¬ 
tribution  and  other  activities  of  evangelical, 
Lutheran  or  any  other  churches  evincing  a 
missionary  spirit,  are  imposed. 


The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  conducts,  and  the  American 
Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Society  supports,  work 
in  the  country.  There  are  126  churches  and 
meeting  places;  120  preachers;  4,765  members; 
139  Sunday  schools,  and  6,548  scholars. 

II.  WESTERN  AND  SOUTHERN 
COUNTRIES 

THIS  group  comprises  the  Latin-speaking 
peoples  of  Europe,  except  Switzerland,  and 
includes  also  Holland.  Of  these  countries, 
Holland  in  the  north,  and  Spain  in  the  south, 
alone  escaped  the  calamities  and  devastation 
of  war. 

France,  Belgium  and  Italy  constituted  the 
battle-grounds  in  western  Europe  during  the 
World  War,  and  challenge  America’s  ministry  of 
sacrificial  love  in  the  great  work  of  restoration 
and  rehabilitation. 

These  countries,  their  areas  and  populations, 
are  as  follows: 


Western  and 

Area  in 

Southern  Countries 

Square  Miles 

Population 

Holland . 

.  12,582 

6,724,663 

Belgium . 

.  11,375 

7,571,387 

France . 

. 207,054 

39,602,258 

Alsace-Lorraine . 

.  5,605 

1,874,014 

Spain . 

. 194,763 

19,950,817 

Portugal . 

.  35,490 

5,957,985 

Italy . 

. 110,632 

36,120,118 

HOLLAND 

THIS  ancient  asylum  for  the  world’s  op¬ 
pressed  still  maintains  her  tradition  as  “the 
cradle  of  liberty.”  The  home  of  free  speech  and 
free  press,  the  Dutch  insist  on  having  any  and 
all  subjects  equally  and  freely  discussed.  As 
an  impartial  refuge,  Holland  has,  in  turn,  af¬ 
forded  shelter  to  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  Jews, 
Huguenots,  Socialists,  Bolshevists  and  —  the 
Kaiser.  During  the  period  of  the  war  she  fed 
more  than  1,500,000  Belgian  refugees. 

BELGIUM 

I  ED  by  her  democratic  king,*  Belgium  is  ris- 
j  ing  heroically  out  of  the  ashes  of  her  ruin, 
and  proving  herself  as  great  in  economic  re¬ 
organization  as  in  war. 


6 


The  Western  Countries :  EUROPE 


FRANCE 

AS  IN  no  other  country  of  Europe  there  is 
„  the  great  opportunity  of  helpful  coopera¬ 
tion  offered  to  the  Protestant  forces  of  America. 

French  Protestantism,  small  but  strong,  senses 
its  new  opportunity  in  national  evangelism  and 
stands  before  newly  opened  doors  in  colonial 
missions. 

Realizing  that  evangelical  France  has  enormous 
vitality,  American  Protestant  workers  should 
cooperate  in  entire  harmony  with  her  program; 
establish  headquarters  for  all  Protestant  agen¬ 
cies;  and  preferably  use  the  channel  of  approach 
already  made  by  the  Federal  Council  of  the 
Churches  of  Christ  in  America  with  the  French 
Protestant  Federation. 

The  American  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Society 
and  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  prosecute  work  in 
France  through  the  agency  of  71  churches  and 
meeting  places;  104  preachers;  2,659  members; 
70  Sunday  schools;  1,852  scholars;  and  3  mis¬ 
sionaries. 

SPAIN 

ON  PAPER,  Spain  is  the  present-day 
stronghold  of  Roman  Catholicism;  yet 
in  reality,  the  great  majority  of  the  people  are 
frankly  indifferent  to  all  religion.  Except  for 
ministrations  at  infant-baptism,  marriage  and 
death,  75  per  cent,  of  the  Spanish  nation  are 
out  of  touch  with  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

Children  attending  Catholic  schools  learn 
scarcely  anything  beyond  a  few  prayers.  Inner 
religious  life  is  entirely  lacking. 

Protestant  secondary  schools  are  sorely  needed, 
and  there  is  presented  here  an  open  door  for 
aggressive  evangelism. 

The  American  Board  and  the  American  Baptist 
Foreign  Mission  Society  are  maintaining  work 
in  Spain  through  17  churches  and  meeting 
places;  337  members;  13  Sunday  schools;  800 
scholars;  5  missionaries,  and  17  preachers.  The 
American  Board  conducts  educational  work 
with  5  teachers. 

The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Meth¬ 
odist  Episcopal  Church  is  about  to  enter  this 
needful  and  promising  field. 


PORTUGAL 

N  PORTUGAL  where  the  predominant  faith 
is  Roman  Catholic,  there  is  a  Protestant 
community  of  about  five  thousand,  in  a  popula¬ 
tion  of  nearly  six  million. 

The  republican  government  has  separated  the 
Church  from  the  State  and  all  forms  of  wor¬ 
ship  are  tolerated. 

All  Protestant  work  in  Portugal  is  assisted, 
either  from  England  or  Brazil.  There  is  a  great 
lack  of  material  resources  and  Protestant  sec¬ 
ondary  schools  are  sorely  in  need  of  help. 

ITALY 

F  THE  evangelicals  in  Italy,  about  22,500 
belong  to  the  Waldensian  Church;  10,000 
to  other  evangelical  Italian  churches;  and 
30,000  to  foreign  Protestant  bodies. 

While  the  nominal  state  religion  is  Roman 
Catholic,  freedom  of  worship  is  granted  to  all 
recognized  religions.  The  Pope  has  permitted 
the  gospels  and  epistles  to  be  read  at  mass  in 
the  vernacular  instead  of  in  Latin.  During  the 
war  Protestant  agencies  distributed  the  New 
Testament  in  large  numbers,  thereby  creating  a 
great  demand  for  more. 

About  one  and  one-half  millions  of  people  in 
Italy  are  non-professing  or  religiously  unclassi¬ 
fied,  furnishing  opportunities  for  extended 
evangelism. 

There  is  also  both  need  and  place  here  for 
Protestant  secondary  schools. 

The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  conducts  work  in  Italy 
through  21  churches;  78  preachers;  4,132  mem¬ 
bers;  51  Sunday  schools;  2,811  scholars;  and  9 
missionaries.  Educational  work  is  also  carried 
on  by  35  teachers. 

III.  CENTRAL  COUNTRIES 

HREE  countries  constitute  the  central 
European  group.  With  their  areas  and 
populations,  they  are  as  follows: 

Area  in 

Central  Countries  Square  Miles  Population 

Germany . 203,176  63,051,979 

Austria .  40,127  9,320,546 

Switzerland .  15,976  3,937,000 


VITALITY 

OF  THE 

PROTESTANT  CHURCH  IN  FRANCE 


MINISTERS,  EVANGELISTS 
AND 

FOREIGN  MISSIONARIES 


FRANCE 

Ministers  and  Evangelists  in  France  (1918)  883 
Foreign  Missionaries  (1918)  185 


MINISTERS  AND 
EVANGELISTS  IN 
PRANCE  82.5% 


FOREIGN  MISSIONARIES  175% 


UNITED  STATES 

Ministers  and  Evangelists 

in  United  States  (1916  167,500 

Foreign  Missionaries  (1916)  9.645 


CHURCH 

INCOME 

FRANCE 

Foreign  Missions  (1914)  •  $192,180 
Home  Missions  (1914)  $111,300 
Other  Receipts  (1914)  $866.500 


$1,169,980 


HOME  MISSIONS  9  5% 
FOREIGN  MISSIONS  16  5% 


OTHER 

RECEIPTS  74% 


UNITED  STATES 

Foreign  Missions  (1918)  •  $  20.775.321 
Home  Missions  (1918)  $  13,181.397 
Other  Receipts  (1918)  •  $215.875,000 


Inter  church  hbr/cf  Movement  of  North  America 


$249,831,718 


G  D  260 


broken  lines  represent  old  boundaries 

Bed  lines  represent  Aw  boundaries,  some 
*  of  which  are  ayVet  undetermined/ 

r  ^leptiblic  of  Esthooia,  / 
jMyonia/and  Courland  / 

2  Republic  of  Lithuania  / 

.  3  League-Pf,  Nations  / 

(Memel  District)  / 

4  East  Prussia  'v\_  / 

5  LeagueofNations(©anzig) 

6  Poland  7  \ 

7  For  Plebiscite  / 

8/  “  /  “  /  '  \ 
9  Csecho-Slovakijl  j 

10  Republic  of  Austria  /C. 

11  Hungary  /  A 

12  Roumania  jCO 

43  Republic  of  Ukraine 

14Rep  ublicof  White  Russia7^7y 

15  Tauride Jcepu blic 

16  Kubahd/epublic 

17  League/bPN^tions  — 

18  To  Greece  7 

19  Italian  Mandate 

20  Jugoslavia 

2 1  League  of  Nations  1  '''\ 

22  Trentino  (to  Italy)  / 

23  Alsace-Lorraine  (toEhmce) 

24  League  of  Nations /(Sarre 

/  '  ■  Basin  i  / 

23  Occupied  by  Arniy 

S  Ma'”e*r-  i  District  ceded 

|JSS„S  S  »/Belgium 

29  For  Plebiscite  /  / 

30  Finland  '7  7 

31  Armenia  /  '\^  / 

32  French  Mandate  / 

33  Palestine  /  (British  '^'--7 

34  Mesopotamia  f  Mandates  / 


\\N  D 


ROU 


U  M  A  N  T  C  A 


B  UL 


Greenwich  3| 


10 


The  Central  Countries :  EUROPE 


SWITZERLAND 

URING  the  days  of  theWorldWarSwitzer- 
land  became  the  clearing-house  of  Eu¬ 
rope,  a  center  for  the  exchange  of  prisoners  and 
communications,  and  an  asylum  for  refugees 
and  war-broken  women  and  children.  For 
her  nation-wide  unselfishness,  she  deserves  the 
highest  admiration  and  praise.  Orphanages 
and  rest-homes  are  constantly  increasing  in  the 
picturesque  Swiss  valleys,  for  the  use  and  relief 
of  war-stricken  people.  It  should  be  specially 
noted,  too,  that  in  addition,  the  municipal 
governments  of  Switzerland  are  compelled  to 
grant  aid  to  one-third  of  their  own  people. 

The  population  is  nearly  four  million,  about 
one-third  of  whom  are  Roman  Catholic  and 
two-thirds  are  Protestant.  Of  the  total, 
2,500,000  speak  German,  800,000  French, 
300,000  Italian. 

The  work  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  that  of  the 
Missionary  Society  of  the  Evangelical  Associa¬ 
tion  of  North  America  in  Switzerland  are  repre¬ 
sented  by  135  churches;  116  preachers;  18,125 
members;  265  Sunday  schools;  and  23,272 
scholars.  Through  the  International  Com¬ 
mittee,  the  Student  Department  of  the  Young 
Men’s  Christian  Association  is  conducting  work 
among  foreign  students  in  Switzerland. 

The  Swiss  missionary  societies  are  much  in  need 
of  help,  due  to  great  losses  sustained  during  the 
war. 

AUSTRIA 

N  ALL  national  characteristics  Austria  is  a 
close  parallel  to  Germany.  Vienna,  its 
beautiful  and  populous  capital,  should  become 
the  center  of  evangelical  and  evangelistic  ac¬ 
tivity.  Before  the  break-up  of  the  Austrian 
Empire,  the  work  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Mis¬ 
sions  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and 
that  of  the  American  Board  in  Austria-Hungary, 
stood  as  follows:  90  churches;  36  preachers; 
3,063  members;  78  schools;  1,379  scholars. 

A  promising  Christian  movement  among  stu¬ 
dents  called  the  Christocratic  Student  Move¬ 
ment  is  operating  in  several  centers  in  Austria, 
Czecho-Slovakia,  Croatia,  and  Poland. 


GERMANY 

THE  great  need  in  Germany  is  the  stabiliza¬ 
tion  of  government  and  industry.  Fallen 
from  the  pinnacle  of  power,  which  she  attained 
by  her  amazing  military  autocracy,  Germany 
is  today  trying  to  find  her  place  again  in  the 
family  of  nations.  The  present  government  is 
democratically  constituted,  and  is,  apparently, 
making  a  vigorous  effort  to  vindicate  and  main¬ 
tain  itself,  through  these  days  of  trial. 

Germany’s  isolation  in  war-days,  induced  ter¬ 
rible  crises  in  food,  clothing  and  hospital  sup¬ 
plies.  The  effect  of  this  shortage  was  felt  chiefly 
among  the  women  and  children  of  industrial 
centers,  cities,  and  in  some  instances,  of  whole 
provinces. 

The  American  Relief  Administration  is  now 
helping  the  children.  Social  and  philanthropic 
agencies  of  several  other  countries  are  joining 
in  this  work  of  relief. 

Under  the  new  regime,  the  state  church  is  being 
disestablished.  This  separation  leaves  religious 
education  in  the  hands  of  the  church,  and  gives 
the  Sunday  school  a  greatly  enlarged  field. 

In  addition  to  the  former  state  church,  several 
evangelical  and  evangelistic  movements  are 
working  in  Germany,  as  are  the  Roman 
Catholics  and  Jews.  The  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
the  American  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Society, 
and  the  Missionary  Society  of  the  Evangelical 
Association  of  North  America,  maintain  activi¬ 
ties  in  Germany,  through  1,211  churches  and 
meeting  places;  1,324  preachers;  91,190  mem¬ 
bers;  1,104  Sunday  schools;  66,262  scholars. 

IV.  EASTERN  COUNTRIES 

N  THIS  group,  we  are  met,  on  the  one  hand, 
by  the  stirring  spectacle  of  a  people  attaining 
a  national  resurrection,  as  in  the  instance  of 
Czecho-Slovakia,  of  Poland,  of  Hungary.  On 
the  other  hand,  we  are  confronted  by  the 
World  War’s  direst  and  most  appalling  after- 
math,  as  exhibited  in  the  sufferings  of  Poland 
and  Hungary,  and  the  colossal  chaos  in  Russia. 

Here,  as  in  the  central  countries  of  Europe,  the 
loss  of  life  on  account  of  lack  of  food,  clothing 
and  fuel,  during  the  current  winter,  will  run 


EUROPE  :  The  Eastern  Countries 


11 


into  many  hundreds  of  thousands,  unless  sub¬ 
stantial  relief  be  granted  by  America. 


Area  in 


Eastern  Countries 

Square  Miles 

Population 

Czecho-Slovakia . 

. .  . .  60,000 

13,000,000 

Russia . 

.  .1,500,000 

125,000,000 

Poland . 

.  .  .  .  120,000 

36,234,727 

Hungary . 

Siberia  and  Baltic  Provinces: 

.  .  .  .109,188 

18,264,533 

Esthonia,  Lithuania,  Latvia 

(Livonia  Courland) . . . . 

..5,000,000 

166,658,000 

CZECHOSLOVAKIA 

FIFTY  years  before  the  days  of  Martin 
Luther,  the  ancestors  of  the  people  forming 
this  pioneer  of  the  new  European  republics, 
enjoyed  religious  liberty,  and  were  90  per  cent. 
Protestant.  Then  came  the  Thirty  Years  War 
and,  with  it,  three  hundred  years  of  oppression, 
now  happily  at  an  end. 

Here  is  a  great  field  for  Bible  distribution.  The 
Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  is  asking 
for  200,000  New  Testaments  for  1920.  Here  is 
need  of  a  Christian  publishing  house,  and  a 
training  school  for  Bible  men,  preachers  and 
Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  secretaries. 

Through  the  minister  of  national  defense,  the 
latter  organization  has  applied  to  put  in  opera¬ 
tion  a  full  Army  program  of  spiritual,  mental 
and  physical  work.  It  has  also  established  itself 
in  four  civilian  centers.  A  union  movement 
between  Protestant  bodies  is  now  under  way. 

Some  of  the  great  needs  of  Czecho-Slovakia 
are:  Christian  leaders;  a  training  faculty  in 
connection  with  Prague  University;  establish¬ 
ment  of  a  Christian  literature  publishing  house; 
the  possible  expansion  of  the  present  plant  of 
the  American  Board  at  Prague. 

This  board  has  a  work  in  Czecho-Slovakia, 
but  the  statistics  are  still  included  in  those 
of  Austria-Hungary. 

RUSSIA 

ODAY  the  former  empire  of  the  Czars  is 
in  a  state  of  chaos.  The  soviet  govern¬ 
ment  has  separated  the  Church  from  the  State 
and  the  school  from  the  Church.  The  former 
state  church  is  decentralized  and  democratized. 
All  church  properties,  together  with  those  of  all 
religious  societies,  are  nationalized,  while  anti¬ 


religious  propagandists  have  full  freedom  of 
utterance. 

Operations  of  the  Greek  Orthodox,  Roman 
Catholic  and  Protestant  churches  are  unfet¬ 
tered  in  so  far  as  the  same  “do  not  disturb  the 
public  order  and  are  not  accompanied  by  at¬ 
tempts  upon  the  rights  of  the  citizens  of  the 
Soviet  Republic.” 

Here  are  great  problems  and  outstanding  oppor¬ 
tunities  : 

The  inauguration  of  immediate  efficient  relief 
is  indicated  in  those  parts  of  Russia  where  the 
population  is  starving,  and  epidemics  are  daily 
carrying  off  thousands  of  men,  women  and 
particularly  children. 

The  establishment  of  helpful  contact  between 
Western  and  Russian-Eastern  Christianity  is 
suggested.  Appeals  have  been  made  by  the 
Patriarch  of  the  Russian  Church  for  united 
prayer  and  assistance  for  Russia.  Inquiries 
as  to  methods  of  work,  have  come  from  Russia 
to  the  World  Sunday  School  Association  and 
other  agencies. 

Russia  presents  a.  great  field  for  community 
service,  including  industrial  operations. 

The  founding  of  a  strong  Christian  university 
devoid  of  any  denominational  or  sectarian 
color  is  a  real  need. 

The  great  lack  of  Christian  literature  should  be 
met.  One  of  the  few  blessings  of  the  war  was 
the  way  in  which  the  printed  page  found  its 
way  among  the  illiterate  soldiers.  A  tremend¬ 
ous  desire  for  Christian  literature  was  thus 
awakened. 

Russia  offers  a  vast  field  for  undenominational 
evangelism  and  this  opportunity  for  a  united 
Christianity  must  not  be  lost. 

The  American  Baptists  and  Methodists  maintain 
work  in  Russia  through  658  churches;  29,525 
members;  371  Sunday  schools;  17,009  scholars; 
one  missionary  and  164  preachers. 

All  the  figures  relating  to  Russia  were  compiled 
before  the  World  War,  and  no  later  data  is  yet 
available.  Even  the  statistics  as  to  area  and 
population  will  undoubtedly  be  radically 
changed  in  the  final  European  settlement. 


12 


The  Balkans :  EUROPE 


POLAND 

HE  shuttleboard  of  the  Old  World  is 
Poland.  More  than  2,100,000  diseased, 
emaciated,  and  crippled  victims  of  the  world 
war  have  passed  and  repassed  into  their  own 
countries  through  her  territories.  This  weary 
pilgrimage  is  still  in  progress,  and  the  need  of 
emergency  relief  in  food,  fuel,  clothing  and 
hospital  supplies,  is  no  where  so  pressing  as  in 
Poland. 

The  country  is  predominantly  Roman  Catholic, 
but  there  are  about  two  million  Evangelical 
Lutherans  and  ten  thousand  Calvinists  in  New 
Poland.  Lay  and  clerical  leaders  of  Protestant 
Poland  speak  openly  of  a  union  of  the  Lutheran 
and  Calvinistic  bodies  in  order  to  create  a 
national,  evangelical  church. 

Illiteracy  (62  per  cent,  in  Russian  Poland),  de¬ 
fective  education,  bad  roads  and  the  scarcity  of 
railroads,  are  all  serious  obstacles  to  Poland’s 
progress. 

In  cities  like  Lodz,  where  low  wages,  terribly 
long  hours  and  child  labor  generally  obtain, 
there  is  imperative  necessity  for  the  creation 
and  operation  of  drastic  measures  of  uplift  and 
reform. 

The  International  Committee  of  the  Young 
Men’s  Christian  Association  is  at  work  in 
twenty  centers,  and  is  invited  to  open  nine 
more.  The  establishment  of  an  adequately 
equipped  publishing  house,  to  meet  the  need 
for  Bibles,  tracts  and  other  Christian  literature, 
is  also  very  necessary. 

HUNGARY 

ERE  as  in  Poland  an  emergency  relief  is 
an  unequivocal  necessity.  The  Hungar¬ 
ian  Reformed  Church,  with  its  2,500,000  mem¬ 
bers,  is  threatened  with  the  break-up  of  its 
territorial  unity  by  the  Czecho  and  Serbian 
invasion.  Other  Protestant  churches  in  Tran¬ 
sylvania  (East  Hungary),  1,500,000  strong,  are 
similarly  threatened. 

It  should  be  strongly  urged  that  these  churches 
be  preserved  in  their  spiritual  and  intellectual 
life  and,  regardless  of  any  territorial  changes, 
safeguarded  in  the  full  exercise  of  their  religious 
liberty. 


A  great  opportunity  for  helpful  cooperation  in 
Protestant  programs  of  work  is  plainly  indi¬ 
cated.  Under  the  Bolshevist  rule  most  con¬ 
gregations  kept  their  churches  but  lost  all  their 
property,  such  as  manses,  schools,  and  other 
properties  devoted  to  charitable  purposes. 
Funds  and  endowments  were  confiscated. 
Ministers  were  forced  to  join  soviets  and  trade- 
unions  and  take  up  secular  labor  in  order  to 
earn  a  living  for  themselves  and  their  families. 
All  income  for  church  purposes  is  now  on  a 
basis  of  voluntary  contribution.  Even  in 
normal  times,  so  swift  and  radical  a  change 
would  have  demanded  great  forethought  and 
organization  to  bring  matters  to  a  successful 
issue.  But  as  things  are  today,  the  task  is  one 
of  almost  insuperable  difficulty. 

V.  THE  BALKAN  GROUP 

ERE  will  be  found  one  of  the  most  in¬ 
teresting  sections  of  all  Europe.  The 
land  and  people  compel  attention.  The 
wounds  of  the  Balkan  peoples  can  only  be 
healed  by  the  Great  Physician. 

Area  in 

The  Balkan  Group  Square  Miles 

Bulgaria .  37,000 

Greece .  42,000* 

Albania.  .  .  .  (boundaries  not  yet  defined) 

Jugo-Slavia . 100,000* 

Rumania .  53,489  f 

*Estimated. 
fPre-war  figures. 

THE  BALKAN  PEOPLES 

ALKAN  peace  means  European  peace; 
Balkan  war  means  world  war!  Nature  has 
rarely  created  a  more  fortunate  region  than  the 
southeastern  corner  of  Europe,  known  as  the 
Balkan  Peninsula.  But  man  has  converted 
this  spot  into  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death. 

For  twenty-five  centuries  it  has  been  a  battle¬ 
field,  ravaged  and  plundered  by  most  of  the 
great  nations  and  Turkey.  Generations  have 
suffered  oppression,  watched  others  enjoy  the 
fruits  of  their  labors,  and  engaged  in  bitter 
fratricidal  combat. 

The  twentieth  century  did  not  alleviate  con¬ 
ditions.  Great  powers  still  covet  the  Balkan 
Peninsula  and  the  local  races  still  fight  for  por- 


Population 

4,500,000 

5,000,000* 

1,500,000* 

12,000,000* 

7,508,000f 


EUROPE:  The  Balkans 


13 


tions  of  it.  But  the  situation  is  not  hopeless. 
The  peoples  of  the  Balkans  can  and  must 
become  brothers. 

Over  80  per  cent,  of  the  people  own  and  till 
their  own  fields,  and  are  frugal,  industrious, 
sober,  hardy  and  virile.  Each  race  consists  of  a 
homogeneous  social  group  without  radical  class 
distinctions.  The  Balkan  governments  are 
modern,  democratic,  and  based  on  universal 
male  suffrage.  No  'flagrant  economic  abuses 
exist.  Land,  the  principal  source  of  wealth,  is 
equitably  divided.  Poverty  of  an  extreme  kind 
is  unknown.  The  proletariat  is  very  small. 
There  are  no  slums. 

Most  of  the  people  belong  to  the  Eastern 
Catholic  Church,  and  many  to  the  Roman 
Catholic.  More  than  a  million  are  Moslems. 
A  very  few  are  Protestants.  The  educated 
classes  are  atheistic.  The  laborers  are  hostile 
to  religion. 

The  Balkan  peoples  can  only  be  united  in  one 
great  federation,  if  it  is  based  on  Christian 
brotherhood.  The  problem  is  one  of  helpful 
fellowship,  and  the  challenge  is  not  to  diplomacy 
or  force,  but  to  Christ’s  church. 

BULGARIA 

ULGARIA  is  the  heart  of  the  Balkans. 
This  heart  must  be  won  for  Christianity. 
For  more  than  sixty  years  the  Congregational 
and  Methodist  boards  have  fought  a  good  fight 
in  Bulgaria.  They  have  achieved  meagre 
statistical  results,  but  have  exercised  an  enor¬ 
mous  influence.  In  Bulgaria  there  are  usually 
about  20  missionaries;  90  native  preachers  and 
teachers,  77  places  for  regular  worship,  36 
churches,  over  2,000  church  members,  three 
high  schools,  not  much  inferior  to  American 
institutions,  with  350  students,  and  a  printing 
establishment.  The  American  Bible  Society 
and  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  have 
been  working  for  many  years  in  Bulgaria  and 
have  succeeded  in  giving  a  very  wide  circulation 
to  a  modern  translation  of  the  Bible. 

The  Bulgarian  Government  is  democratic, 
Of  the  total  population  of  Bulgaria,  11  per  cent, 
consists  of  Turks,  and  9  per  cent,  of  Gipsies. 
Jews,  Armenians,  Greeks,  Rumanians  and 
others.  All  these  races  are  treated  with  ex¬ 


emplary  fairness.  Jews  are  as  much  at  home 
as  in  New  York.  Turks  sit  in  parliament. 
Foreign  races  have  their  own  schools,  and  teach 
their  own  languages. 

COMPLETE  RELIGIOUS 
LIBERTY 

OF  ALL  the  Balkan  states,  Bulgaria  has 
been  the  only  one  to  grant  full  religious 
liberty.  The  national  religion,  more  political 
than  spiritual,  is  an  independent  form  of  the 
Eastern  Orthodox  Church.  It  cannot  be 
replaced,  but  it  must  be  galvanized  by  a  virile 
Christian  spirit.  Streams  of  this  invigorating, 
life-giving  spirit  can  be  poured  into  Bulgaria 
through  several  channels. 

Evangelistic  work  in  Bulgaria  must  be  strength¬ 
ened.  Ten  new  missionary  families  should 
reenforce  a  staff  seriously  depleted  by  death  and 
the  hardships  of  war.  The  salaries  of  the  native 
pastors  must  be  greatly  increased,  and  at  least 
six  new  churches  built  at  once.  The  enthusi¬ 
asm,  devotion,  and  lofty  spiritual  life  of  Bul¬ 
garian  Protestants  exert  a  tremendous  in¬ 
fluence  on  the  national  church. 

HUNGRY  FOR  EDUCATION 

THE  Bulgarian  Intelligentsia  is  openly 
atheistic.  There  is  a  crying  need  for  a 
purifying  literature  such  as  American  students 
possess. 

Bulgaria  spends  twice  as  much  per  capita  for 
education  as  any  of  her  neighbors,  and  main¬ 
tains  a  university,  several  pedagogical,  agri¬ 
cultural  and  business  colleges,  50  gymnasia, 
300  progymnasia,  and  5,000  primary  schools. 
But  these  are  channels  for  knowledge  instead  of 
faith,  enlightenment  in  place  of  vision.  The 
existing  American  schools,  inadequately  sup¬ 
ported  and  poorly  placed,  should  locate  in 
Sofia  on  sites  promised  by  the  government, 
with  two  separate  modern  plants  for  boys  and 
girls,  costing  not  less  than  $100,000  each. 
Philanthropic  and  community  work,  with  an 
initial  cost  of  at  least  $100,000,  must  be  started 
in  cities  and  villages. 

Darkness  broods  over  the  Balkans.  A  torch  has 
been  lighted  in  Bulgaria,  which  the  American 
Christians  must  convert  into  a  veritable  sun. 


14 


The  Balkans :  EUROPE 


JUGO-SLAVIA 

OR  JUGO-SLAVIA  we  here  include  Serbia, 
Montenegro,  Bosnia,  Herzegovina,  Croatia, 
Slovenia,  part  of  Banat,  and  adjacent  territory 
under  dispute. 

There  is  a  Balkan  proverb, — “It  is  better  to 
look  from  the  mountain  than  from  the  dun¬ 
geon.” 

Since  the  World  War  the  little  Balkan  states 
have  emerged  from  centuries  of  oppression  and 
fratricidal  war,  to  the  independence  that  has 
long  been  the  spirit  of  each  nationality. 

The  South  Slavs  have  attempted  a  Balkan 
brotherhood  which  only  Christianity  can  ce¬ 
ment.  Thus  the  new  fertile,  strategically  placed 
state  of  Jugo-Slavia  may  become  an  important 
European  power.  It  should  eventually  include 
Bulgaria,  and  embrace  not  less  than  18,000,000 
virile  and  industrious  people. 

Jugo-Slavia  is  not  merely  a  resurrected  nation; 
the  union  of  the  southern  Slavs  is  an  attempt  to 
solve  a  world  problem. 

DISRUPTIVE  ELEMENTS 

HE  peoples  of  this  new  confederation  of 
states  are  mostly  peasants.  A  large  part  of 
them  are  illiterate  and  backward.  Almost  all 
are  conservative  and  inexperienced  in  the  art  of 
self-government.  Two  parts  of  the  new  federa¬ 
tion,  Montenegro  and  Serbia,  have  been  in¬ 
dependent  states  for  almost  a  century,  while  all 
the  other  parts  have  been  under  the  oppression 
of  the  Austrian  Hapsburgs. 

There  is  a  common  language  with  varying 
dialects,  and  two  completely  different  sets  of 
written  characters,  Roman  and  Russian.  Each 
race  has  its  own  traditions,  aspirations,  political 
tendencies  and  local  jealousies.  Eastern  Ortho¬ 
dox  and  Roman  Catholic  are  the  two  distinct 
forms  of  Christianity  found  in  the  new  union. 

A  CHRISTIAN  BROTHERHOOD 

HESE  differences  do  not  create  insuper¬ 
able  difficulties,  nor  are  they  as  radical  or 
vital  as  those  which  existed  among  the  thirteen 
North  American  Colonies.  They  emphasize  the 
imperative  need  of  real  Christian  brotherhood 
for  the  diverse  racial  elements. 


Protestant  communities  already  exist  in  two 
parts  of  Jugo-Slavia:  a  number  of  ancient 
Protestant  congregations  in  Slovenia,  and  a 
small  group  of  new  converts  in  Macedonia, 
where  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners 
has  been  working  for  many  years.  These 
groups  lie  in  opposite  corners  of  the  kingdom, 
but  they  must  increase  and  extend  their  activity 
until  they  meet  in  Belgrade  and  bind  the  new 
nation  into  a  Christian  brotherhood.  At  present 
there  are  only  two  missionaries  in  Jugo-Slavia, 
both  of  whom  are  in  Macedonia. 

LITERARY  NEEDS 

LITERARY  centers  must  be  established  in 
j  the  intellectual  capitals  of  Serbia  and 
Croatia.  The  Bible  must  be  widely  distributed. 
American  schools  must  be  started  in  Mace¬ 
donia,  where  one  has  already  existed,  as  well  as 
in  old  Serbia  and  Croatia. 

The  field  is  large.  The  issue  is  momentous. 
The  situation  is  critical.  After  centuries  of 
conflict,  a  Balkan  brotherhood  exists.  Let 
Christ’s  spirit  permeate  it.  Let  Christianity 
solve  the  Balkan  problem! 

RUMANIA 

UMANIA  has  completed  her  national 
unification.  When  the  map  of  Europe  is 
finally  settled  she  will  have  almost  doubled  her 
area  and  population.  Rumania’s  agricultural 
and  mineral  resources  assure  her  a  great  com¬ 
mercial  future  in  the  Balkans. 

The  state  religion  is  the  Eastern  Orthodox  form 
of  Christianity.  Almost  one-half  of  the  people 
are  illiterate.  Before  the  war  economic  con¬ 
ditions  were  unsatisfactory.  Much  of  the 
agricultural  land  belonged  to  rich  landlords  and 
was  worked  by  tenants. 

The  government  has  been  hostile  to  the  250,000 
Jews  who  live  in  Rumania,  and  has  not  been 
favorable  to  missionary  activity.  No  Ameri¬ 
can  denomination  has  carried  on  work  there. 

But  a  marvelous  day  has  come.  Rumania  has 
broken  over  the  Carpathian  Mountains,  and 
passed  from  the  Balkans,  with  their  strife  and 
turmoil,  into  Europe.  She  is  promising  her 
peoples  a  new  social,  intellectual  and  spiritual 


EUROPE :  The  Balkans 


15 


life.  She  is  endeavoring  to  create  not  only  a 
larger  but  a  better  Rumania.  She  needs 
American  help  in  this  task. 

American  food  and  funds  helped  Rumania  be¬ 
come  a  larger  kingdom.  American  Christianity 
must  help  transform  this  new  Rumania  into  a 
kingdom  of  God. 

ALBANIA 

HE  Albanians  are  the  most  unfortunate  of 
all  the  Balkan  races.  Situated  in  a  moun¬ 
tainous  district  on  the  west  side  of  the  Balkan 
Peninsula,  along  the  eastern  coast  of  the  Adri¬ 
atic  Sea,  the  lack  of  roads  renders  the  country 
inaccessible.  In  the  past  an  abominable  Turk¬ 
ish  government  prevented  all  development  of 
natural  resources. 

Poor  and  isolated,  without  schools  or  doctors, 
out  of  the  path  of  progress  and  enlightenment, 
a  prey  to  foreign  oppression  and  fierce  tribal 
feuds,  the  Albanians  are  in  a  deplorable  con¬ 
dition.  Over  half  of  them  are  Mohammedans, 
and  the  rest  Roman  Catholics,  except  for  a  few 
members  of  the  Greek  Orthodox  Church.  For 
ten  years  the  American  Board  has  been  working 
in  Albania.  Continued  wars  have  thwarted 
achievement.  At  present  there  is  an  American 
school  and  one  American  family  in  southern 
Albania. 

Conditions  are  still  so  unsettled  that  the  hour 
is  not  propitious  for  an  immediate  campaign. 
The  missionary  work  which  is  already  being 
carried  on  must  be  maintained,  and  as  soon  as 
conditions  permit  boys’  and  girls’  schools  must 
be  built,  hospitals  erected,  visiting  nurses  sent 
out,  and  extensive  literary  work  and  philan¬ 
thropic  activities  of  many  kinds  undertaken. 
Albania  needs  everything  and  looks  to  America 
to  aid  her. 

GREECE 

GREECE  has  doubled  in  the  last  six  years 
in  area  and  population.  She  is  destined 
to  play  a  greater  role  in  the  Balkans.  Mission¬ 
aries  have  twice  attempted  to  work  in  Greece, 
but  without  success  on  account  of  local  and 
official  opposition.  The  very  constitution  for¬ 
bids  the  sale  of  the  New  Testament  in  the 


vernacular,  but  in  spite  of  this  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society  has  been  distributing  the 
Scriptures  in  Greece  for  many  years. 

At  present  the  Greek  people,  the  archbishops, 
and  the  government  would  welcome  various 
kinds  of  American  religious  work.  The  Ameri¬ 
can  Board  already  has  a  small  work  in  Salonica, 
a  district  acquired  by  Greece  six  years  ago. 

There  are  also  several  independent  Protestant 
churches  in  Greece.  The  Young  Men’s  Chris¬ 
tian  Association  carries  on  a  fruitful  work  there. 
Greece  needs  American  schools  in  Athens  and 
Salonica;  at  the  latter  place  a  boys’  school 
already  exists. 

Christian  literature,  a  wide  distribution  of 
the  Bible,  and  philanthropic  work  are  also 
essential  to  the  development  of  this  field. 


STATISTICS  OF  THE  WORK  OF  AMERICAN 

DENOMINATIONAL  AGENCIES 

( Compiled  from  latest  reports  available. 

For  some 

countries  only  pre-war  figures  are  available.) 

Churches  and  meeting  places . 

.  .  3,791 

Church  members . 

. . .261,734 

Sunday  schools . 

.  .  .  3,917 

Sunday  school  members . 

.  .  .235,296 

Missionaries . 

172 

Pastors  and  teachers  (national) . 

.  .  .  3,992 

Appropriation  from  America  for  one 

year . 

5205,821.63 

AMERICAN  PROTESTANT 
DENOMINATIONS  AT 
WORK  IN  EUROPE 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church; 

Missionary  Society  of  the  Evangelical  Associa¬ 
tion  of  North  America; 

American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions; 

American  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Society; 

New  Era  Movement  of  the  Presbyterians  (war 
emergency  only); 

American  Friends  Service  Committee  (war 
emergency  only); 

Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention ; 


16 


The  Balkans  :  EUROPE 


Seventh  Day  Baptist  Missionary  Society; 

Brethren  Missionaries  (Plymouth); 

General  Mission  Board  of  the  Church  of  the 
Brethren ; 

Foreign  Christian  Missionary  Society; 
Missionary  Board  of  the  Church  of  God; 
Seventh  Day  Adventist  Denomination; 

AMERICAN  PROTESTANT 
INTER-DENOMINATIONAL 
AGENCIES  AT  WORK  IN  EUROPE 

American  Bible  Society; 

American  and  Foreign  Christian  Union; 
American  Tract  Society; 

World’s  Christian  Endeavor  Union; 

Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America; 

Student  Volunteer  Movement  for  Foreign 
Missions; 

World  Sunday  School  Association; 

International  Committee  of  the  Young  Men’s 
Christian  Association; 

Overseas  Committee  of  the  National  Board  of 
the  Young  Women’s  Christian  Association. 


EMERGENCY  RELIEF 

ITHOUT  any  unnecessary  delay,  the 
Protestant  churches  in  the  United  States 
should  aim  to  aid  their  European  brethren  of 
the  evangelical  faith,  as  the  early  Christians 
scattered  throughout  the  gentile  world,  aided 
their  brethren  in  Jerusalem. 

Conditions  furnish  a  unique  opportunity  for 
the  Protestant  churches  to  demonstrate  their 
desire  for  practical  Christian  unity.  United 
effort  should  be  made  for  all  their  after¬ 
war  relief  activities,  for  the  benefit  of  all 
Protestant  churches  and  their  adherents  in 
European  countries.  A  joint  commission,  en¬ 
dowed  with  full  powers,  should  be  sent  im¬ 
mediately  to  distribute  all  necessary  relief, 
utilizing,  where  most  expedient,  the  existing 
religious  agencies  and  church  channels. 

DEPUTATION  FOR  EUROPE 

0  STUDY  the  important  question  of  future 
policy  of  American  denominational  work  in 
Europe,  a  deputation  should  be  sent  to  Europe. 
This  deputation  should  be  made  up  of  men  of 
knowledge  and  understanding,  possessing  a 
true  evangelical  spirit,  and  of  international 
standing  and  recognition. 


1NTERCH0RCH  WORLD  MOVEMENT  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  SURVEY  DEPARTMENT 

SECTIONS 

-Africa 
-China 
-India 

-Japanese  Empire 
-Malaysia,  Siam 
-lndo-China,  Oceania 
-Philippine  Islands 
-Latin  America 
-Europe 
-Near  East 

— Evangelistic 
— Educational 
— Medical 

— Social  and  Industrial 
— Literature 
— Field  Occupancy 
— Field  Conditions 
— Graphics 
— Statistics 
— Editorial 

— Research  and  Library 
— Cities 

— New  York  Metropolitan 
— Town  and  Country 
— Vvest  Indies 
— Alaska 
— Hawaii 
—  Migrant  Groups 


DIVISIONS 

BRANCHES 

H  Fields 

r~  FOREIGN  - 

Mission  Agencies 

F-  Coordination 

SURVEY 

DEPARTMENT 


HOME 

MISSIONS 


r  Fields 


Agencies 


-|  Coordination 


Organization  Relations 


~  Tax-Supported  Institutions 


AMERICAN 

EDUCATION 


Denominational  and 
Independent  Institution* 


Theological  Seminaries 

i— |  Secondary  Schools 

~j  Coordination 


p— -Cities 

New  York  Metropolitan 
— Town  and  Country 
— Negro  Americans 
New  Americans 
Spanish-speaking  Peoples 
Orientals  in  the  U.  S. 

— American  Indian 
— Migrant  Groups 

-Research  and  Library 
-Lantern  Slides 
-Graphics 
-Publicity 
-Statistics 

-Industrial  Relatione 

-Colleges 

-Universities 


—State  Universitiee 
— Municipal  Universitiee 
‘  — State  Agricultural  Colleges 
— State  Normal  Schoole 

E Theological  Seminaries 

College  Biblical  Departments 
Religious  Training  Schools 


-f  Home" 


— {  Local  Church 


AMERICAN 
Religious  Education 


—  — {  Community 


-T Special  Groups" 


AMERICAN 
Hospitals  and  Homes 


-Comity  and  Cooperation 
-Field 

-Standards  and  Norms 


i — Architecture 
-1 — Curriculum 
1 — Teachers 


] 


-Music 

-Pageantry 

-Non-church  Organizations 


Special  Fields 


3 


-\  Field  Organization  \ 


Denominational  and  • 

Interdenominational  Agencies 


-  Research  and  Instruction 


Coordination 


p-Editorfe! 

4 — Statistics  and  Tabulation 
I — Schedules 


AMERICAN  MINISTERIAL 
SUPPORT  AND  RELIEF 


FQ 


Ministerial  Support  | 


Pensions  and  Relief 


3 


